Foundation and formation
In 1946, the Institute of Entomology and Phytopathology was organized in the system of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian USSR on the basis of 3 laboratories of the Institute of Zoology. In 1956, this institution was reorganized into the Ukrainian Research Institute of Plant Protection, subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Ukrainian SSR, which acquired the status of the Republican Scientific and Methodological Center for Plant Protection. Since January 1971, the Institute became a component of the Southern Branch of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in 1992 it was named the Institute of Plant Protection of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences, and in 2010- Institute of plant protection of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (IZR NAAS). Currently, IZR of the National Academy of Sciences is the main institution of the Scientific and Methodological Center in Ukraine for the problem of plant protection and phytosanitary safety, it coordinates the activities of 30 institutions of the National Academy of Sciences.
Kyiv, str. Tereshchenkivska, 3 (formerly Repina). On the 3rd floor of this building, until 1963, the scientific divisions of the Institute of Entomology and Phytopathology of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR (Ukrainian Research Institute of Plant Protection) were located.
Development of the scientific complex of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Plant Protection (Kyiv, 33 Vasylkivska St.): main building (top), biological method laboratory and vegetation house (bottom), residential building for employees (center). March 1963 (photo from the magazine "Protection of plants from pests and diseases", 1963, No. 7)
Outstanding scientists and managers
The history of the Institute is connected with the names of famous scientists in the field of biological and agricultural sciences, in particular in matters of plant protection.They are academicians of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine V.P. Pospyelov, V.P. Vasiliev; correspondent members of NASU E.V. Zverezomb-Zubovsky, V.P. Muravyov, V.G. Dolin; academicians of NAAS V.F. Peresypkin, M.P.Lisovyi, V.P.Fedorenko, O.O.Ivashchenko; academician of the National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Sciences O.O. Sozinov; Corresponding members of the National Academy of Sciences, D.D. Sigaryova; doctors of science Z.S. Golovyanko, M.A. Telenga, A.I. Zrazhevskyi, D.F. Rudnev, Y.S. Kosmatiy, M.P. Dyadechko, V.A. Sanin, B.A. Areshnikov, V.P. Prystavko, G.V. Hrysenko, V.M. Kavetskyi, V.P. Smilyanets, L.I. Bublyk, S. O. Trybel, M. P. Sekun, V. F. Drozda, A. M. Chernii, V. M. Chaika, V. Ya. Maryushkina; candidates of sciences V.L. Tsiopkalo, K.A. Orlachova, N.I. Salunska, M.O. Tselle, T.G. Zrazhevska, V.A. Markhasyova, H.M. Tsybulska, N.V. Lappa, V.M. Goral, E.M. Kititsyn, G.N. Zhigaev, I.V. Grihorovych, A.S. Degtyareva, V.I. Shkodenko, V.M. Lopatin, V.S. Chaban, S.V. Lysenko, M.P. Honcharenko, M. G. Garnaga, B. G. Degtyarev, V. P. Omelyuta and others.
The Institute was headed by: Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR V.P. Pospelov (1946-1948), corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR E.V. Zverezomb-Zubovsky (1949), Candidate of Agricultural Sciences I.V. Paliokha (1949-1950), corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR V.P. Muravyov (1951-1952), academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR V.P. Vasiliev (1953-1979), doctor of biological sciences G.V. Hrysenko (1979-1986), academician of the National Academy of Sciences M.P. Lisovyi (1986-2003), V.P. Fedorenko (2003-2011). Since 2011, the director has been an honorary academician of the National Academy of Sciences, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences O.I. Borzykh.
Scientific achievements
At all stages of its history, the Institute of Plant Protection successfully solved important tasks related to the development of effective measures to protect agricultural crops from the most dangerous pests and diseases, in particular, the improvement of the chemical method of protection, the development and implementation of biological protection measures. During the 1950s and 1960s, the institution had problematic laboratories for the fight against the beet weevil (head - V.P. Vasiliev), the Colorado potato beetle (M.P. Dyadechko, later - V.A. Sanin), the harmful beetle (B.A. Areshnikov), tobacco downy mildew (V.A. Markhasyova), which, with the solution of the tasks set before them disbanded or reorganized.
As for the improvement of chemical protection of plants, the following were developed and put into production: a method of small-volume spraying of field crops and gardens against pests; the method of poisoning plants by treating seeds with insecticides to protect seedlings from pests; systems for protecting corn, sunflower, soybeans, vegetable crops, and potatoes from harmful organisms; methods of simultaneous application of pesticides with plant growth regulators and biological preparations, etc.
Much has been done in the field of biological protection of plants. Thus, the following technologies were developed and implemented: technologies for the production of microbial preparations and mass reproduction of trichogram; technologies of complex application of entomophages and microbiological preparations against pests of fruit and vegetable crops, as well as biological preparations against diseases of grain and vegetable crops; an integrated system of protection of vegetable crops of closed soil with the predominant use of biological means.
A huge amount of work is being carried out on the scientific support of selection of agricultural plants for resistance against pathogens and pests. Thus, a map of the distribution of various races of the causative agent of brown rust of wheat and the territory of Ukraine was compiled, express methods of evaluation and selection of plant forms with group resistance to pathogens were developed, a method of creating complex artificial infectious backgrounds, resistance gene banks were created. As a result of many years of research on the resistance of wheat and potatoes to pests, a database was formed with the characteristics of modern varieties of these crops for computer modeling of the breeding process of creating complex resistant varieties.
New directions and subdivisions
As necessary, relevant scientific divisions were created in the Institute over time to solve new important problems in plant protection. Thus, in connection with the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1987, a laboratory of agricultural radiology was organized and operated for 15 years. In 1991, the laboratory of nematology became a part of the institution, in 1992 - the department of plant quarantine, in 2003 - the laboratory of herbology, in 2004 - the laboratory of environmental genetics of plants and biotechnology.
In the laboratory of agricultural radiology, scientific research was carried out on the problems of controlling the formation of the species composition of weeds, pathogens of plant diseases on the lands removed from agricultural use in the 30-kilometer zone of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, as well as the improvement of ecologically safe methods of protecting cultivated crops under conditions of radioactive contamination. The laboratory of nematology developed systems for monitoring and controlling the number of parasitic phytonematodes on winter wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, and vegetable crops in closed soil, and also took part in the creation of 20 nematode-resistant potato varieties.The Department of Plant Quarantine has developed: models of the further spread of the western corn beetle and the American white butterfly; detection and diagnosis methods, measures for localization and elimination of many quarantine pests, plant diseases and weeds; entomological, mycological and bacteriological State Standards (DSTU) for the quarantine service. In the laboratory of herbology, work is being carried out to create a database on the harmfulness of various types of weeds on various field crops, forecasting the weediness of crops, and improving chemical protection of crops against weeds.In the laboratory of ecological plant genetics and biotechnology, scientific research is carried out related to the analysis of collection and selection material of wheat with the help of molecular genetic markers and the use of these markers to study the genes of wheat resistance to pathogens and pests.
Scientific schools
At various stages of conducting research to solve the most important issues related to plant protection, scientific schools were formed in the institution: entomologists (leaders - V.P. Pospelov, Z.S. Golovyanko, M.A. Telenga, D.F. Rudnev, V. P. Vasiliev, B. A. Areshnikov, V. G. Dolin, V. A. Sanin, M.P. Smilyanets, S.O. Fedorenko, V.P. Peresypkin, S.V. Retman), chemists (E.S. Kosmatiy), ecotoxicologists (L.I. Bublyk), nematologists (D.D. Sigareva).
Institute today
Currently, the structure of the Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences includes 13 scientific units. The Research Station for the Quarantine of Grapes and Fruit Crops (Odessa), the Ukrainian Research Station for Plant Quarantine (Chernivtsi), the State Enterprise Experimental Farm "Takhtaulovo" (Poltava) and the "Zori nad Bugom" Research and Production Center of the "Soya" Research and Production Center of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine (Yastrubynove, Voznesensky District, Mykolaiv Region) are subordinate to the Institute. 137 people work, including 75 scientific personnel (including 8 doctors, including 1 academician and 2 corresponding members, and 28 candidates of sciences).
Over the last 10 years, the scientists of the Institute and its network have made about 80 inventions and more than 200 scientific developments, which have been tested and recommended for wide implementation in production. During this period, about 100 books were also published, including brochures, monographs, handbooks, recommendations, atlases, markers, textbooks for higher educational institutions, more than 2,000 articles were published in scientific collections, newspapers and magazines.
For outstanding achievements in the development of the theory and practice of plant protection by scientists of the Institute of V.P. Vasyliev, M.P. Lisovoi, N.V. Lappi and V.M. Goral was awarded the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology, and V.P. Fedorenko - the award named after I.I. Schmalhausen National Academy of Sciences. In addition, V.P. Vasiliev, M.P. Lisovyi, V.P. Fedorenko and D.D. Sigaryov has the honorary title "Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine".
The Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences maintains creative relations with scientific institutions and companies of more than 20 countries. He is a permanent member of the International Organization for Biological Plant Protection (IPOB), actively participates in its work.
The Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences takes a leading position in the activities of the Public Organization "Ukrainian Entomological Society". During the 70-year history of this organization, the heads of the institute and its students have almost always led it - this is E.V. Zverezomb-Zubovsky, V.P. Vasiliev, V.G. Valley Currently, the president of the NGO "UET" is academician of the National Academy of Sciences V.P. Fedorenko.
The institute prepares specialists (doctors of philosophy) through postgraduate studies in the field of knowledge 20 "Agrarian sciences and food" from the specialty 202 "Protection and quarantine of plants" in two specializations: phytopathology and entomology. There is also a specialized academic council for the defense of candidate and doctoral theses in agricultural sciences in the specialties "entomology" and "ecology".
Annually, the Institute organizes training courses for workers in agro-industrial production, seminars, meetings, scientific and practical conferences of national and international levels. Employees also participate in dozens of all-Ukrainian and international conferences, symposia, congresses, round tables, meetings of working groups, seminars, meetings, and sessions.
The Institute of Plant Protection of the National Academy of Sciences constantly demonstrates its achievements at all-Ukrainian and international specialized exhibitions. Over the past 17 years, the institution has been awarded 2 Certificates, 2 Certificates of Appreciation and 44 Diplomas for active participation in exhibitions, 5 of which were signed by the President of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Academician B.E. Paton
The Institute publishes the journal "Quarantine and Plant Protection" (4 issues per year), the Ukrainian Entomological Journal (2 issues) and the interdepartmental thematic scientific collection "Phytosanitary Safety" (1 issue). It also systematically publishes the materials of organized and held scientific and practical conferences. It provides assistance to the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection, agricultural companies, agrarian specialists, summer gardeners with consulting, conducting scientific research, and analyses.