Scientific developments in 2020

Phytopathology laboratory:

System of protective measures against complex of diseases of winter wheat

The system is based on a combination of organizational and economic, agrotechnical, immunological and chemical measures. Its main components are: observance of crop rotation, varieties of winter wheat characterized by a low degree of damage by pathogens, monitoring of pathogens, risk forecast of the development of major mycoses, use of fungicides with different mechanisms of action. The system involves poisoning the seeds with a systemic drug mixed with growth regulators. Against diseases, crops are treated with fungicides of the latest range at stages 39-41 (combined preparations based on active substances of the strobilurins and triazoles class) and 71-72 stages according to the BBSN scale (fungicide of the triazole class).The application of the winter wheat protection system in 2020 ensured technical efficiency: against leaf septoria - 88-92%, pyrenophorosis - 90-92%, ear fusarium - 75-80%, powdery mildew - 95-100%, brown leaf rust - 100%, fusarium - helminthosporous root rot - 71-73%, solid carbon black - 100%. At the same time, the maximum realization of productivity potential and obtaining a preserved harvest at the level of 0.78-0.92 t/ha is ensured. The quality of the grain corresponded to the III class. The profitability of the system was 82%. Advantage over analogues: increase in technical efficiency by 10-15%, economic efficiency by 5%.

System of protective measures against complex of corn diseases.

The system is based on a combination of organizational and economic, agro-technical, immunological and chemical measures. Its main components are: observance of crop rotation, monitoring of pathogens, the use of fungicides with different mechanisms of action. The system involves poisoning the seeds with a systemic drug mixed with growth regulators and treating crops with fungicides of the latest range at the 18-20 stage on the VVSN scale with the use of combined fungicides. The use of the protection system provides technical efficiency: against northern helminthsporiosis - 72-84%, rust - 89-93%, root rot - 91-93%, flying soot - 93-100%. At the same time, the harvest is maintained at the level of 0.64-0.85 t/ha. The profitability of the system was 73%.Advantage over analogues: increase in technical efficiency by 10%, economic efficiency by 5%.

System of protective measures against complex of sunflower diseases

The system is based on a combination of organizational and economic, agrotechnical, immunological and chemical measures. Its main components are: observance of crop rotation, monitoring of pathogens, use of fungicides with different mechanisms of action. The system involves poisoning the seeds with a systemic drug and treating the crops with fungicides of the latest assortment at stages 32-35 and 53-55 according to the VVSN scale with the use of combined fungicides. The use of the protection system ensures technical efficiency: against septoriosis - 82-94%, alternaria - 78-87%, fomosis - 61-67%, seed mold - 100%. The saved yield was 0.43-0.52 t/ha. The profitability of the system was 24%. Advantage over analogues: increase in technical efficiency by 15-18%, economic efficiency by 7%.

A system of protective measures against a complex of soybean diseases.

The system is based on a combination of organizational and economic, agrotechnical, immunological and chemical measures. Its main components are: observance of crop rotation, monitoring of pathogens, use of fungicides with different mechanisms of action. The system involves poisoning seeds with a systemic drug mixed with growth regulators and treating crops with fungicides of the latest range and their mixtures with growth regulators at the 59-61 stage and 75 stage according to the VVSN scale. The use of the protection system provides technical efficiency: against septoriosis - 81%, ascochitosis - 75%, fusarium - 88%, seed mold - 92%. The saved yield was 0.22 t/ha. The profitability of the system was 62%.Advantage over analogues: reduction of pesticide load by 20%, increase in profitability of protection measures by 11%.

Recommendations for the protection of pumpkins from mycoses, containing the characteristics of the most common crop diseases, the results of experimental studies on the technical and economic effectiveness of protective measures and the protection system. There are no analogues in Ukraine. The development allows you to save up to 15-20% of the crop, the profitability is 43%.

Pesticide Toxicology Laboratory:

Anti-resistant methodology of plant protection systems against harmful arthropods.

The developed anti-resistant methodology of plant protection systems against harmful arthropods is based on the determination of the state of the natural population of phytophages in agrocenoses, mechanisms of resistance formation and methods of determining the values of resistance indicators (SK₅₀, SK₉₅ % d.r.) to insecticides of natural and laboratory populations of insects and mites, which makes it possible to reduce the pesticide load on the natural environment. It has no analogues in Ukraine.

Laboratory of forecasts:

Improved methods of diagnosing the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses of Ukraine with the use of the latest technologies. In the diagnostic methods, the principles of monitoring for surveying agricultural land are given, with the aim of detecting harmful organisms, which makes it possible to obtain information about the presence of pests in a certain territory, to determine their number, dynamics of development, and on the basis of the data obtained to plan appropriate phytosanitary measures, which will allow to reduce labor costs by 15-20%.
Base of perennials data on the population dynamics of rural and urban areas. dominant pests of crops. The database of long-term data on the population dynamics of rural and urban areas has been supplemented. crops by omnivorous pests, dominant pests of grain and fruit crops (the electronic database in XL format was supplemented and reproduced in a cartographic display). This makes it possible to present the material at a more modern level and increase the level of reliability of the forecast of the development of harmful organisms, which in turn contributes to the preservation of 10-50% of the harvest and the avoidance of possible outbreaks of the number of pests. The database is used in computer programs that allow determining the amount and timing of the use of chemical measures, which in turn contributes to the preservation and protection of the environment.

Laboratory of Nematology:

Method use of EPN of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae against hidden pests. The use of EPN to control harmful insects and obtain ecologically clean plant products. There are no analogues in Ukraine.

Laboratory of Entomology and Sustainability cultures against pests:

- An optimized system of protection of the apple orchard against mites - phytophages, which includes the species list of dominant plant-eating mites, monitoring methods, a list of modern insectoacaricides with high efficiency (96-100%). The inclusion of these drugs in the generally accepted apple tree protection system allows you to control the number of mites at the level of EPSH, increase profitability up to 120% and obtain high-quality products. Better than existing analogues in Ukraine.
- Methodical recommendations for controlling the number and harmfulness of mites in apple orchards, which include a list of the dominant species of mites, the level of their abundance and harmfulness, an improved monitoring system, data on the ecological characteristics of chemical and biological means of plant protection (Apollo, KS, Vertimek 018 ЕС, Lirum 78SC, k.s., Tiovit Jet 80 WG, v.g.) their effectiveness against pests and terms of use. Economic efficiency consists in obtaining additional profit at the level of 25 thousand hryvnias/ha, the level of profitability is 115%. Better than existing analogues in Ukraine.
- Optimized protection system for grain corn against major pests includes a species list of dominant phytophages, a monitoring methodology, a list of hybrids with different resistance to pests, a list of modern insecticides with defined technical efficiency. The economic efficiency consists in the use of resistant hybrids against phytophages, this will ensure the preservation of the harvest at the level of 0.04 t/ha or 2000 hryvnias/ha and save the environment from contamination by insecticides. Better than the existing analogues in Ukraine.
- Database of resistance of corn hybrids against pests, which presents 9 hybrids of Ukrainian selection and 2 foreign hybrids regarding resistance in all types (antixenosis, antibiosis, tolerance and avoidance) against the main pests. Economic efficiency consists in saving the environment from contamination by insecticides. There are no analogues in Ukraine.

Pesticide Application Laboratory:

Technological regulations for the use of herbicides in sunflower crops, which include herbicide consumption rates and application phases to control weeds of various biological groups. The advantage of the development is more rational use of herbicides in sunflower crops, reduction of pesticide load on the environment, increase in yield and production of ecologically safe products.

Laboratory of microbiomethods:

- Optimized technology for evaluating the suitability of selected strains fungi of the genus Trichoderma and predatory nematophagous fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys for the production of biological preparations, which in terms of activity against target objects exceed analogues by 15–20%.
- Database of the species composition of dominant pests of indoor tomatoes, which includes 3 types of phytophages: spider mite (TetranychusurtiaceKoch.), plant population was 14.1–16.7%, tobacco or onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lind) – 9.6–11.5% and melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.) - up to 10.3%.

Laboratory of Environmental Genetics:

Database of genotypes of allelic states of molecular genetic markers of genes for resistance to diseases and pests of wheat and some other crops.The expanded database contains information on genotypes by molecular markers of resistance genes to a number of pathogens of wheat diseases, the golden nematode of potatoes. Genotype information is intended for use in the breeding process for purposeful selection of mating pairs. Increases breeding efficiency by 60%.
Database of genotypes by loci of spare proteins and presence of rye 1RS translocations for wheat varieties.Contains information on the genotypes of cultivars at the loci of gliadins and high molecular weight subunits of glutenins and on the presence of wheat-rye translocations carrying the corresponding disease and pest resistance genes. Genotype information is intended for use in the breeding process for purposeful selection of mating pairs. Increases breeding efficiency by 60%.
Resistance Gene Efficiency Database, which is based on the assessment of the resistance of the Thatcher wheat lines, which are almost isogenic in terms of genes, to the action of the local population of the causative agent of brown rust, and the involvement of which in the selection process will ensure a high level of resistance of the original selection material. Involvement of them in the selection process will reduce the cost of searching for sources of resistance by 40% and will quickly involve the most effective resistance genes in the selection process, as well as remove less effective resistance genes or those genes from the selection. which have lost their effectiveness. economic efficiency will be at least 35%.Cultivation of varieties with signs of resistance to diseases will save 30-40% on the funds required for chemical protection of wheat crops, which is also important from the point of view of ecology.
Database of the species, racial (strain) composition of the main pathogens of fungal diseases, which contains data on the species composition of the main pathogens of fungal diseases in rural areas. crops as of 2019-2020.

Ukrainian Research Station of Quarantine:

Rrecommendations on the use of microbiological preparations in the system of organic farming.

Methodological recommendations for phytosanitary monitoring of regulated harmful organisms L. trifolii, L. huidobrensis, L. Sativae. Provides timely detection of harmful organisms of the genus Liriomyza and prevention of their spread and harmfulness.
Recommendations for detection of fungal diseases of walnut. An opportunity to develop scientifically based measures to combat diseases, reducing the damage of walnut by pathogens by 1.5-2 times and increasing the yield of the crop by 15-25%.
Method of application of biological systems of potato protection against Alternaria. The treatment is based on the use of Planryz, Fitodoktor, Paurin+, Mykohelp. The development will ensure: - a 2-fold reduction in the level of spread and damage to potatoes; -increase in potato yield by 20 c/ha; -optimization of fungicide treatment of potato plantations; - reduction of pesticide load; will improve the condition of agrocenoses.
A system of approaches and methods of control and evaluation of the effectiveness of the economic justification of harmthose of regulated harmful organisms. As a result of the complex application of agrotechnical and biological protection measures against harmful organisms, damage to crops will be reduced by 1.5-2 times, which will make it possible to increase the yield of agricultural crops by 10-15%. For the first time in Ukraine, the main methodological principles of phytosanitary actions in free and buffer zones have been substantiated and control measures have been determined to maintain a free zone from regulated harmful organisms of fruit crops and potatoes, including the use of chemical plant protection agents. agricultural techniques. Provides reliable and timely detection of harmful organisms of fruit crops and potatoes, their localization.The annual coefficient of economic efficiency will be 0.2; Indicator of perspective (P) - 1523. The expected economic effect from the implementation of scientific development will amount to UAH 1.0-3.0 thousand per year/ha.
Methods of determining free zones from regulated harmful organisms of fruit crops and potatoes.
Recommendations on greening of elements of protection against potato phomosis. It is based on the use of the drugs Haupsyn, Planriz, Trichodermin, FitoDoctor. The ability to prevent the spread of infection and reduce damage to tubers by 1.5-2 times, and increase the yield of potatoes by 15-25 c/ha. Greening of protection measures by introducing resistant varieties and hybrids into production will allow to reduce the treatment of plantations with fungicides and reduce the pesticide load by 2-3 times.
Database of the list of bioagents for the control of Sosnovsky's borage.The method of combating Sosnovsky's borschiva, which consists in the use of a biodestructor, as well as in the use of optimal chemical means. The plant stand density decreases from 47.8 and 43.5 pcs/m² to 4.8 and 1.2 pcs/m². This makes it possible to reduce the density of Sosnovsky borscht by more than 25 times.
Database of the range of the western corn beetle, which is based on the main predictors: morphological and biological features of the development of the pest, ways of introduction. This will make it possible to avoid corn crop losses and to introduce phytosanitary measures in time. Environmental protection, protection of plant resources.
Database on the resistance of potato varieties and hybrids to damage by the pathogen BBHK.
Methodological recommendations "Control of quarantine pests in agricultural products with gaseous phosphine by fumigation method" The methodological recommendations "Control of quarantine pests in agricultural products with gaseous phosphine by fumigation method" define the minimum effective consumption rates and average PH concentrations₃ according to the temperature regimes for the storage of plant products, the lethality standards for the western flower thrips, the potato and South American tomato moth, and the Mediterranean fruit fly were established within the limits of the experimental temperature regime for the storage of fruit and vegetable products, and regimes were developed for the treatment of domestic fruit and vegetable products by the method of fumigation. Technical effect - 100%.